cFos Personal Net 允许通过 Common Gateway Interface(CGI，公共网关接口)或内置脚本（或其他兼容 Windows 脚本宿主的语言，如 ActivePerl, ActivePython 等等）进行脚本处理。
CGI 指定了一些含现有 HTTP 请求信息的环境变量。cFos PNet 在执行脚本前会设置以下变量:
REMOTE_USER, AUTH_TYPE, SERVER_SOFTWARE, SERVER_PROTOCOL, GATEWAY_INTERFACE, DOCUMENT_ROOT, CONTENT_LENGTH, CONTENT_TYPE, REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_PORT, SERVER_NAME, SERVER_PORT, REQUEST_METHOD, QUERY_STRING, REMOTE_HOST, PATH_TRANSLATED, SCRIPT_NAME 及所有像 HTTP_XXX一样名为<xxx>的 HTTP 头变量。
| 此外，它还设有以下环境变量: | |
| _CFPNet_AUTHNAME | Value of the .htaccess AuthName directive. |
| _CFPNet_REQUIRE | Value of the .htaccess Require directive. |
| _CFPNet_AUTHUSERFILE | Value of the .htaccess AuthUserFile directive By using the above variables and/or REMOTE_USER and/or AUTH_TYPE a script can verify if HTTP authentication is according to a certain configuration before it does any action, see makedir.jss as example. |
| _CFPNet_FILE | File part of the requested URL. Allows easy file operations. |
| _CFPNet_PATH | Path part of the requested URL, including document root. Allows easy file operations. |
| _CFPNet_RESPONSE_CODE | HTTP response code. |
| _CFPNet_RESPONSE_TEXT | HTTP response text. Allows creation of general purpose error document as SSI (shtml). |
| _CFPNet_SCRIPT_PARAM | Parameter string for script spawned or started at start-up, shutdown, etc. |
| _CFPNet_REDIRECT_TO | Destination of the HTTP redirect. An shtml error document can use this to display a nice message with link to destination. |
| _CFPNet_DOCUMENT_ROOT | Full path of the document root. Useful for all kinds of file operations. |
| _CFPNet_PRIVATE_DIR | Full path to the cFos PNet private folder. |
所有这些变量均可在 CGI 脚本或 Javascript 脚本中使用（在Javascript脚本中，cFos PNet web 服务器对象通过 environment_var(name) 方法检索得到这些环境变量）。
当提及 "Javascript" 时，我们指的是在 Windows 脚本主机中运行的 Javascript 或其他编程语言所编写的实例。
就像执行一般 HTTP 请求一样，所有脚本宿主运行的脚本（比如 Javascript）都是执行在如 .htaccess 文件中所描述的用户权限下。我们强烈推荐创建一个受限用户并让 cFos PNet 始终模拟此用户。
如此这样，可使 Windows 安全机制（和您所设置的文件系统用户访问权限）为防止 PNet 漏洞或脚本漏洞提供额外的保护。
CGI 脚本安全机制:
cFos PNet 需为 CGI 脚本执行而另创一个进程。想在其他用户账户名下创建进程，您需先以管理员或受限用户身份启动服务器。
无论以哪种身份运行进程都需设置两项权限。
进入管理工具——本地安全策略——本地策略——用户权限分配，授予用户运行服务器所需的以下权限:
如果您不使用 .htaccess 文件提供的用户指令，就会创建出和服务器进程拥有相同权限的子进程。cFos PNet 以管理员身份启动，则脚本也会以管理员身份执行。您应该检查所安装的每个服务器能被哪些用户身份用于执行脚本，比如您可以尝试只用管理员身份存取文件。
当服务器运行后，无论何时执行脚本，Javascript 脚本都已被加载并编译。cFos PNet 中真正执行脚本的是 main() 方法。当脚本进行编译时，cFos PNet 都会查找其是否拥有全局变量或全局方法（就是位于 main 方法以外的东西）。如果发现有全局对象，脚本就会被标记上 "singleton" 来表示其具有全局性。
一个线程每次只能执行一个全局性的脚本。如果在执行全局性脚本时，另一个 HTTP 请求到达了，那么新请求需等到前一请求执行完毕才会被处理。其他一些脚本可能会被实例化多次并由多个线程同时执行。
所以不具有全局性的脚本可使现今的多核处理器发挥最大效用，除非全局态被放弃使用。另一方面，全局性存在于不同的 HTTP 请求中。
这意味着普通的 Javascript 变量在全局作用域中访问不同的 HTTP 请求仍能保持相同的状态信息，比如计数器，线程 cookies，验证码等等。另一种存储全局态的方法是使用哈希表（详见下文）。这使得脚本在 "database"（数据库）并行执行时仍保持全局性。
| cFos PNet 以 Windows 脚本宿主运行 Javascript 脚本。它支持下列全局对象: | |
| alert(<x>) | Write <x> to the trace.txt file and to the script output for debugging. |
| exit() | Exit the current script. |
| require(<n>) | Load module named <n> for common.js module support (http://www.commonjs.org/specs/modules/1.0/). |
| export | Exported object; for common.js module support (http://www.commonjs.org/specs/modules/1.0/). |
| __declare_const(<name>) | Tell PNet that the global object <name> should not make this script "singleton". If you only set global variables, object to never changing, always the same values, you can declare them "const" to allow multi-threaded execution of the cript. |
| The webserver object has the following members: | |
| read_body(<max_cnt>) | Read the HTTP message body (for example of a POST request). Read at most <max_cnt> characters. If <max_cnt> == -1 or ommitted, the entire body is read. Returns a string. |
| io_mode | Property. 0 = utf8, 1 = binary. In utf8 mode the input stream (e.g. of a POST) is interpreted as a sequence of UTF-8 characters and converted accordingly to a Javascript UTF-16 string. In binary mode, each character of the input string is zero-extended to a 16 bit wide character and returned in the result string of read_body. Normally you would use UTF-8 (which is the default), so process the body of a HTTP message. But for binary upload UTF-8 conversion would corrupt the data stream, so you can switch io_mode to 1. |
| write_response(<str>) | Writes <str> to the output of the HTTP response, ie. send it to the client. If io_mode == 0 the <str> is converted into an UTF-8 string. If io_mode == 1 the low-bytes of <str> are used to form a byte string as output. cFos PNet will check, if the script created a content-length header before the first call to write_response. If not, it will create a 'transfer-encoding: chunked' header and output chunked data. So if you know in advance how many bytes the script will output, you can set a content-length header. However in most cases chunked data transfer will serve well, allowing you to output the script result whenever it or part of it is ready, thereby avoiding memory consuming accumulation of large data before sending. |
| content_type(<str>) | Sets the content-type HTTP header field of the response to <str>. If you don't set the content-type, the first call to write_response will set it to "text/plain". |
| content_type_from_ext(<filename>) | Returns the content-type according to the <filename> extension as stored as the mime-type in the Windows registry, e.g. content_type_from_ext("test.png") will may return "image/png". |
| errors_to_response(<b>) | If <b> == true script errors are output with the HTTP response, so you can read it in your browser. <b> == falsedisables errors to HTTP response output. |
| environment_var(<name>) | Returns the value of an environment variable. |
| create_image(<filename>) | Create an image object with filename <filename>. See image object description below. |
| server_object(<name>) | Create a Javascript object (set of key/value pairs). <name> may be the following: blocklist: List of blocked files, read_only audio_input_devices: List of available audio devices, read_only video_input_devices: List if available video devices, read_only connections: List of current connections to this server, IP address and name if authenticated, read_only http_response_header: all current HTTP response headers and values, read/write. You can add/change HTTP response headers before the first call to write_response. |
| is_valid_mail_addr(<addr_list>) | Checks a comma separated list of email addresses for validity. Also a DNS query for the emails mx record is performed. This function can be used to check the validity of email addresses in form fields. |
| create_mutex(<name>) | Create a mutex object in an aquired state, see description of the mutex object below. While individual hash list operations keep the integrity of the hash list during concurrent operations, you should use a mutex to keep a hash list (or other resources) in a consistent state, when performing different update operations concurrently. The mutex has the following methods: acquire() (re-)acquire the mutex release() release the mutex An exception is thrown, if you acquire an already acquired mutex or release an already released mutex. |
| filename_ok(<filename>, <b>) | Checks if a gives <filename> is OK. If <b> == true the location indicated by the <filename> must be in the pub folder or it's subfolders. If <b> == false the location can also be in the private folder. You should check every <filename> the user gives you with this or the absolute_filename function. Otherwise script may access other files on your computer than you may have intented. |
| absolute_filename(<filename>) | Converts the filename <filename> to an absolute filename in the public folder. It also performs a check for filename_ok(<filename>, true) and returns "" if the filename is illegal. |
| encode_password(<p>) | Encodes <p> with the servers master key. So passwords don't need to be stored as clear text. But beware, if someone has control of your computer, he/she may also get the master key and can then decode the password. So it's only a measure against accidential or malicious file copying / reading. |
| decode_password(<p>) | The reverse of encode_password. |
| create_sendmail() | Creates a "send mail" (not to be confused with unix sendmail) interface, see description below. |
| hexdump(<str>, <level>) | Dumps the string <str> into the cFos PNet trace. This is for debugging purposes. <level> must be >= the func_trace value specified in global.ini, section [param]. Otherwise the function will not dump. |
| from_utf8(<str>) | Make a byte array of <str>'s low bytes, interpret it as UTF-8 and return the conversion to UTF-16. |
| str2bytearray(<str>) | Make a byte array of <str>'s low bytes and return the result as a VARIANT containing a SafeArray of bytes. This can be used to convert Javascript strings into a form suitable foreign APIs, like ADO (for database access or binary writing of smaller files. |
| bytearray2str(<a>) | Reverse of str2bytearray. |
| authenticate(<url>, <verb>, <params>) | Perform HTTP authentication (Basic or Digest). Returns 0 if unsucessful, 1 if authenticated, 2 if authentication is not neccessary (thus returns true, if access is OK). After a call to this function these environment variables are set: AUTH_TYPE, _CFPNet_AUTHNAME, _CFPNet_REQUIRE, _CFPNet_AUTHUSERFILE. The environment variable REMOTE_USER is valid only if authenticated. You should only rely on it if this function returned 1. After performing the authentication, all relevant HTTP headers are set. So if the authentication is not successful and the script exits, a 401 response, including authentication challenge is returned to the users client. For Digest authentication, the neccessary nonce value for the next request are set in the request response. This function allows you seamless integration of HTTP authentication in simple script scenarios. cFos PNet sample scripts use it. The parameter url specifies for which URL the authentication is performed, ie. it loads the neccessary .htaccess parameters. <verb> allows the use of <Limit> directives in .htaccess files. You should specifiy in relation to which HTTP method (GET, POST, PUT, etc.) the authentication takes place. With <params> you can specify additional .htaccess directives, separated by \n. The are added to the existing parameters or replace them. This allows you to basically control access via .htaccess files and have your scripts also regard these settings. |
| balloon(<title>, <text>, <url>) | Displays a balloon tip with <title> and <text>. Starts the default browser with <url> if the user clicks on the balloon. This allows scripts to notify the admin and start a webpage (with a local address) with additional information. |
| add_on_disconnect_handler(<url>, <param>, <once>) | add a disconnection handler for this TCP connection. On disconnect, is starts a script at <url> with parameter <param> stored in _CFPNet_SCRIPT_PARAM. This can be used to clean up resources after disconnect. If <once> is true, the handler will only be called once for each TCP connection, otherwise it will be called as often, as add_on_disconnect_handler is invoked |
| sleep(<msec>) | Suspend execution for <msec> milliseconds. |
| spawn_script(<url>, <param>) | create a new thread and execute the script specified by <url> with the string <param> availabe as the environment variable _CFPNet_SCRIPT_PARAM. |
| get_directive(<url>, <name>) | Return the value of the .htaccess directive <name> for a given <url>. .htaccess processing according to <url> is done before the value of the directive is returned. |
| dns_lookup(<name>) | DNS loop up of IP address(es) for <name>. Return an IPv6 and IPv4 address, seperated by a comma. If no connectivity for IPv4 or IPv4 is available, the respective part is left empty. |
| version() | Returns a cFos PNet version string. |
| file() | Creates and returns a cFos PNet file object. In many cases file access via FileSystemObject or ADO binary files is sufficient. But sometimes you need low level file access (for example for handling arbitrary large files). Therefore cFos PNet offers a file object with C like access. See below for details. |
| http_methods_allowed(<url>, <cmds>) | Check if the HTTP methods lists (comma-separated) in <cmds> are allowed according to the .htaccess settings as defined by <url>. This functions returns a comma-separated list of characters for each queried HTTP method. e = allowed, d = disabled, a = auth required. If for a given HTTP method a is returned the script should perform a HTTP authentication. Currently supported methods are PUT and DELETE. |
| hrtime() | Returns to current timer ticks in micro-seconds. Can be users for profiling, benchmarking. |
| request_params() | Return a Javascript object which contains all information about the current HTTP request. See below for details. |
| logger(<filename>, <timeout>) | Return an object for logging purposes. The loggin object caches the output, so only every couple of seconds data is written to the disk. Also access to the logging object is cached. cFos PNet releases the logging object from the cache, after <timout> seconds of no access. The logger object provides the method write(<str>) to write <str> to the log file. |
| set_compression(<deflate>, <gzip>, <level>, <mem_level>, <window_size>) | Gives the script control over gzip / deflate compression. <level>, <mem_level> and <window_size> are the usual compression parameters known from the respective .htaccess directives. <deflate> and <gzip> are booleans which control wether deflate and/or gzip compression is allowed. cFos PNet checks the browsers content-encoding HTTP header field to determine if the script output can be compressed. |
| ini_file_value(<filename>, <section>, <key>) | On read the functions accesses the .INI file named <filename> and returns the key <key> in section <section>. if <filename> is "*" cFos PNet's GLOBAL.INI is accessed. On write, ie. ini_file_value(<filename>, <section>, <key>) = x the corresponding key is written. This function should only be used to access 3rd party .INI files or perfom read access to cFos PNet's GLOBAL.INI. If you run cFos PNet with impersonation of a limited user (as it is recommended for security reasons), the script cannot write to cFos PNet's GLOBAL.INI. For normal data storage we recommend the far more faster hash lists (see below). |
| hash_list(<filename>, <timeout>) | Return a hash list object with filename <fn>. It is cached and unloaded after <timeout> seconds without access. See below for details on the hash_list object. |
| private_hash_list(<filename>, <timeout>) | Return a private hash list object. Same as above, but the file is treated as relative to cFos PNet's private folder. |
| stop_impersonation() | Stop the impersonation specified with the corresponding .htaccess USER directive and revert to elevated admin rights. This allows scripts to perform admin functions. stop_impersonation() checks cFos PNet's GLOBAL.INI file, section [scripts] if there is a key admin_script with the URL to the current executed script. If it doesn't find the current script, the function fails. If users have write access to your admin_scripts you need to restrict the write permissions of these script file to administrator only. Otherwise normal users could modify the script file, call stop_impersonation() and execute arbitrary code on your machine. |
| restart_impersonation() | Restarts the impersonation, i.e. reverts the effects of stop_impersonation(). |
| obj = CreateObject(<sobj>, <sink>) | Creates a new COM object with <sobj> as servername.typename (e.g WbemScripting.SWbemSink). <sink>can either be a string or an object. If <sink> is a string, it is treated as prefix for event handler function in the global namespace. If it is an object, cFos Personal Net calls the event handler function(s) in the <sink> object. The names of the functions are determined by the COM objects outgoing interface. |
| evt = create_event() | Create a waitable event object. evt has the following methods: set(), reset() and is_set() to set, reset and query the event state. Event objects are created in reset state. |
| res = wait_for_events(<obj>, <msec>, <wait_all>) | Wait until one (<wait_all> == false) or all (<wait_all> == true) events are set. <obj> can either be an JScript array or an object. cFos Personal Net will enumerate all members which are waitable event objects to determine for which events to wait. <msec> is the maximum wait time in milliseconds, -1 means wait indefinitely. The return value res will either be null (in case of timeout) or be a reference to the event just set so wait_for_events could return. The maximum number of events, this function can wait for is 64. |
| The image object has the following properties/methods: | |
| width | Returns the width of the image in pixels. |
| height | Returns the height of the image in pixels. |
| interpolation_mode = <v> | set the quality for image stretching. 0 = lowest, 7 = highest. The better the quality, the more computing power is needed. |
| save(<n>, <w>, <h>) | Save the image under the full path <n>; stretch it to <w> x <h> pixels before. |
| send(<w>, <h>, <cache>) | Send the image to the client, automatically using the correct content-type message header. Stretch it to <w> x <h> pixels before. If <cache> != "" store a cached version of the image with the same name as the original image plus size information to a folder specified by the string <cache>. For example if the image name is image0004.jpg and it is stretched to 42 x 64 pixels, the cache folder contains an image named image0004_42_64.jpg afterwards. See stretch.jss for an example of how the image object can be used. |
| The sendmail object has the following properties/methods: | |
| header(<n>, <v>) | Set message header field name <n> to value <v>. |
| text_body(<s>) | Set message text body to string <s>. |
| html_body(<s>) | Set message html body to string <s>. |
| create_MHTML_body(<url>, <user>, <pwd>) | Create message html body using the given <url>. If access to the url requires authentication you can use the <user>, <pwd> to set the proper user credentials. Otherwise leave them out or set to 0. You can also specify a file location as <url>, like file:///c:/x.html. |
| add_attachment(<a>, <filename>) | Add an attachment using the byte array <a> (SAFEARRAY of byte) as binary attachment data. <filename> is the name given in the mail for the attachent. |
| add_attachment_file(<full_filename>, <filename>) | Add an attachment to the message, using the given <full_filename>. <filename> is the name given in the mail for the attachent. |
| send() | send the message, using the SMTP account data in the [param] section of cfospnet.ini: smtp_server = address of the SMTP server smtp_username = your user name with the SMTP server smtp_password = your password with the SMTP server This allows using your SMTP account (probably the same account, you use for your normal mail program) without the need to store username / password information in the script. |
| The file object has the following properties/methods: | |
| open(<filename>, <flags>, <share>) | Open the file <filename> <flags> is a binary OR of the usual values: O_BINARY 0x8000 O_TEXT 0x4000 O_EXCL 0x400 O_TRUNC 0x200 O_CREAT 0x100 O_TEMPORARY 0x0040 O_SEQUENTIAL 0x0020 O_RANDOM 0x0010 O_APPEND 0x8 O_RDWR 0x2 O_WRONLY 0x1 O_RDONLY 0 <share> is a binary OR of the usual values: SH_DENYRW 0x10 SH_DENYWR 0x20 SH_DENYRD 0x30 SH_DENYNO 0x40 |
| close() | Close the file. |
| write(<v>) | Write <v> to the file. <v> can either be a string or an array of bytes. |
| read(<cnt>) | Reverse of the write function. Returns a string. <cnt> is the maximum number of characters to read. |
| seek(<ofs>, <origin>) | File seek of <ofs>, using <origin>. <origin> can be SEEK_SET 0 SEEK_CUR 1 SEEK_END 2. |
| length() | Return file length in bytes. |
| trunc() | Trunc the file at current position. |
| last_error | Property which holds the last error number, 0 = no error. |
| The hash_list object has the following properties/methods: | |
| open(<filename>, <interval>) | Open a hash list, <interval> is the interval in seconds, after which changes are save periodically to disk, if neccessary. |
| remove() | Clear the list, delete from disk and after timeout, unload from cache. You should set all references to the list to null afterwards. |
| save(<filename>) | Save a snapshot of the hash list to disk. If the optional parameter <filename> is != null, the snapshot will be saved to file <filename>. |
| value(<k>) | Retrieve value for key <k>. |
| value(<k>) = v | Set key <k> to value v. |
| toObject(k) | Returns an Javascript object (set of key, value pairs) which contains all hash list members whose key starts with <k>. |
| size() | Returns the number of elements is the list. |
| enable_logging(<size>) | Enable logging of all modifications to a file named filename.log (filename is the filename of the hash list). If the log file exceeds <sz> it will be renamed to filename_old.log and a new filename.log file is created. <sz> = 0 diables logging. |
| log_prefix | Property, string which is prepended before each log entry. |
| begin, end | Hash_list_iterators which point to the beginning / end of the hash list |
| find(<k>) | Returns a hash_list_iterator which points to the element with key == <k> or end if <k> not found |
| lower_bound(<k>) | Returns a hash_list_iterator which points to the element with key >= <k> or end if <k> not found |
| upper_bound(<k>) | returns a hash_list_iterator which points to the element with key <k> or end if <k> not found |
| A hash_list_iterator has the following properties/methods: | |
| equal(<i>) | Returns true if the iterator is equal to another iterator <i> (ie. points to the same element), otherwise false. |
| inc(<cnt>) | Increment the iterator <cnt> times. |
| dec(<cnt>) | Decrement the iterator <cnt> times. |
| key() | Get the key of the list element the iterator currently points to. |
| value() | Get the value of the list element the iterator currently points to. |
| value() = <v> | Set the value of the list element, the iterator currently points to, to <v>. |
| Access to the hash list is synchronised between multiple threads. However when you use hash_list_iterators (see below), only access to an individual element is synchronised. For example one thread could set the iterator to a certain element using find(<k>). In the meantime the element <k> could be deleted by another thread. In the interest of performance in multi-threaded environment only access synchronisation for the individual list element is performed. So the first thread my get an empty string when querying the value of the already deleted element. You need to use mutexes if your script need a stronger synchronisation. However in many cases this kind of weak synchronisation is sufficient and may be much faster under heavy load. | |
| The request_info has the following properties/methods: | |
| url | Property, the URL of the current HTTP request. |
| query_string | Property, the query string. |
| request_method | Property, the request method. |
| In addition all HTTP headers are available as read-write key/value pairs of the Javascript object Write access to the properties can be used from Rewrite scripts to modify the current request, before it is serviced. | |
我们提供的测试脚本是 cFos PNet 的附件，需单独下载。将其解压至公共文件夹下的 "selftest" 文件夹内便可运行。测试码还可作为 cFos PNet 如何使用对象，方法和属性的案例。